This paper presents a roadmap of Finnish companies adopting and managing corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses the companies' views on CSR and highlights the practices that Finnish companies have adopted or are currently adopting. It also presents a framework that outlines the CSR processes and management prospects. Results showed that Finnish companies are progressively managing CSR. This newly revived thinking about social responsibility is viewed as an issue traced back from Finland's history of industrial development. There is no general (...) definition of CSR; however, various concepts are connoted into it. Driven by several factors, CSR is developing gradually as indicated by the positive responses and initiatives of the companies. CSR management and practices towards employees, suppliers, community and customers are well defined locally based generally on established socially responsible behavior which could be articulated by laws and regulations, corporate values and business ethics. However, managing CSR with a global scope, problems such as; lack of information and structured management system, different views and interpretations, supply chain complexities, overlap with environmental issues, etc. often lead some companies to manage CSR haphazardly. Views and management of CSR are also influenced by some distinct Finnish cultural attributes. An initial conceptual framework for CSR is drawn reflecting the current practices and prospects for management strategies. Such framework can be used in organizing and streamlining CSR elements for effective management approaches and measuring of performance. It could be expected that in due time, the efforts of the companies will become more evident, organized and systematically managed. (shrink)

Ante a la necesidad de superar un modelo de déficit en la enseñanza de la prehistoria, este estudio presenta una metodología que se define como una práctica performática para la enseñanza de la prehistoria, compuesta y articulada por recursos y estrategias tales como el cuento motor, el juego dramático, la didáctica del objeto y las simulaciones. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar una metodología poliarticulada para la enseñanza de la prehistoria basada en la comprensión. Se parte del paradigma sociocrítico (...) y con enfoque mixto cualitativo-cuantitativo se analiza la incidencia de esta metodología en una muestra de 176 alumnas y alumnos de Educación Primaria. Los resultados expresan que la práctica performática para la enseñanza de la prehistoria ofrece niveles óptimos de comprensión de la temporalidad remota, en un contexto de construcción colectiva del conocimiento, de dialogicidad y motivación. Al mismo tiempo los resultados invitan a reflexionar sobre la importancia de implicar al cuerpo y al movimiento en contextos tradicionalmente relegados como son las clases de Ciencias Sociales. (shrink)

In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari saw the difficulty of disentangling the question of Spinoza and, later, of Reich from the very limit of a system of representation by which they mean Oedipus. As A Thousand Plateaus would emphasize later, this limit brings out the question of the desire for democracy (‘democracies are majorities’). It desires Oedipus. In What Is Philosophy?, the limit question (Oedipus) gave way to the concept of a people to come. Fifty years since its publication, Anti-Oedipus remains (...) a relevant text (apropos of its ‘strategic adversary’ identified by Foucault) against the background of the social pathology of neofascism, populist politics, and the rise of the alt-right and neoconservative movements in recent years. The paper tries to locate this inflexion point where the desire for democracy modulates into the bi-univocal plasticity of Oedipal desire whose dangers people already seem to know. They have unmasked Oedipus’ double impasse and have escaped it. They no longer desire fascism; they desire fascists, neocons, and right-leaning mob rousers. Fifty years since its publication, Anti-Oedipus confronts a type of people who have learned to behave like the enemies of capitalism, too careful not to overload desire and destroy its bi-univocality, its great balancing act on the Body without organs. Incidentally, in ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control,’ Deleuze spoke about a people who know how to ‘surf’ replacing the ‘older sports.’ This applies to people who could become either schizoidal or regress to its more familiar inversion, the simulacra of Oedipus. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the limits of constitutional reform. Some constitutions, for example, the German (art. 79, sec. 3), the Italian (art. 139), the Portuguese (art. 288), the French (art. 89, sec. 5), and the Brazilian (art. 60, sec. 4), contain an “essential core” of rights, which is usually understood as being immune to change. The initial focus in the paper is on the discussion on whether and to what extent these “essential cores” are indeed immune (...) to change. A second focus is on Ross's paradox. Here I analyse and reject Ross's own solution to the paradox and I show, too, that the paradox admits no solution that does not imply a discontinuity in the legal system. (shrink)

Background: This study tested the core tenets of how facial scars are perceived by characterizing layperson response to faces with scars. The authors predicted that scars closer to highly viewed structures of the face (i.e., upper lip and lower lid), scars aligned against resting facial tension lines, and scars in the middle of anatomical subunits of the face would be rated less favorably. Methods: -/- Volunteers aged 18 years and older from the United States were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (...) to complete a face rating survey. Scars were digitally added in different locations and orientations for a total of 14 unique scars added to each face. Each participant rated 50 different faces on confidence, friendliness, and attractiveness. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Results: -/- A total of 88,850 ratings [82,990 scarred (93.4 percent)] for attractiveness, friendliness, and confidence were analyzed. In univariate linear mixed effects models, the presence of a facial scar did not significantly impact attractiveness (β = 0.016, SE = 0.014, z = 1.089, p = 0.276). A second set of linear mixed effects models identified interactions between location, subunit placement, and orientation to facial tension lines. Scars located on the lower lid mid subunit perpendicular to facial tension lines were rated less attractive (β = −0.065, SE = 0.028, z = −2.293, p = 0.022). Conclusions: -/- On average, a single well-healed facial scar does not negatively affect first impressions of attractiveness, confidence, or friendliness. Specific scar location and orientation combinations, however, such as a perpendicular scar at the mid-lower eyelid, may result in lower perceived attractiveness, confidence, and friendliness. (shrink)

Journal of Political Philosophy, EarlyView.

Ciencias sociales : saberes coloniales y eurocéntricos / Edgardo Lander / - Europa modernidad y eurocentrismo / Enrique Dussel / - La colonialidad a lo largo y a lo ancho : el hemisferio occidental en el horizonte colonial de la modernidad / Walter D. Mignolo / - Naturaleza del poscolonialismo : del eurocentrismo al globocentrismo / Fernando Coronil / - El lugar de la naturaleza y la naturaleza del lugar : ¿globalización o postdesarrollo? / Arturo Escobar / - Ciencias sociales, (...) violencia epistémica y el problema de la invención del otro / Santiago Castro-Gómez / - Superar la exclusión, conquistar la equidad : reformas, políticas y capacidades en el ámbito social / Alejandro Moreno / - Abrir, impensar, y redimesionar las ciencias sociales en América Latina y el Caribe. ¿Es posible una ciencia social no eurocéntrica en nuestra región? / Francisco López Segrera / - Colonialidad del poder, eurocentrismo y América Latina / Aníbal Quijano. (shrink)

Quadruple Helix Collaborations (QHCs) is a cooperation model in which industry, government, academia, and the public interact to innovate. This paper analyses the impact of a training intervention to provide specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes to deal with barriers commonly found in the progress of QHCs. We designed, implemented, and evaluated three training programs in Austrian, Colombian, Danish, and Spanish institutions. We analysed trainees’ (n = 66) and trainers’ (n = 9) perceptions to identify the competencies acquired with the intervention (...) and the approach’s limitations. We used online questionnaires (35 trainees; 9 trainers), semi-structured interviews (10 trainees), and a focus group (6 trainers). Trainees answered positively regarding their self-perception about the impact of the course and highlighted the acquisition of inspiration for their practice (score 4.1 out of 5.0) and knowledge (3.7). In contrast, they perceived that a deeper interaction with other participants (2.7) was challenging. After the courses, 74% of respondents indicated that they know more about how QHCs work in practice, and 86% about collaboration or engagement methods. Moreover, participants plan to be more sensitive towards setting common goals (71%) and power imbalances (63%). Trainers’ perceptions align with those expressed by participants, except that they considered that the interaction amongst participants during the course was higher. Qualitative analysis of interviews with participants and the focus group with trainers provides more detail about the strengths and weaknesses of the intervention. Our study shows that the collaborative design and implementation of training impact the participant’s learning competencies, with potential implications in their medium- to long-term practice. (shrink)

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de innovación educativa de aprendizaje de competencias, realizado en el Curso Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU, transversal a toda su oferta educativa. Se trata de nuevo proyecto basa- do en una docencia híbrida, donde las masterclass más teóricas se han complemen- tado con un aprendizaje basado en retos vinculados a materias de comunicación y sostenibilidad, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint. De esta forma, se consigue formar al alumno en las llamadas (...) habilidades blandas, cada vez más demandadas por el entorno laboral. (shrink)

El artículo presenta la doctrina de los tres amores en s. 349, explicando sucintamente que el modelo antropológico del que parte Agustín no es el neoplatónico, sino el de Varrón, y exponiendo la oposición entre las dos ciudades y el "amor sui" (ciudad terrena) y el "amor Dei" (ciudad de Dios).

Martin Heidegger and Immanuel Kant - two important pillars of contemporary philosophy-were proficient critics of traditional metaphysics in their time. They were known to be critical of a sort of metaphysical striving predisposed to grounding or representing an elusive concept of the universal.. Kant had earlier deconstructed a pre-eminent feature of Western metaphysics, namely, the socalled essence of thing, had it consigned to the noumenon evocative of the paradoxical nature of human knowing: it regulates the boundaries according to which any (...) notion of the infinite, the universal or the absolute can be reflexively thematized, or, thus strategically said, problematized. (shrink)

This paper examines from a historical perspective Tarski's 1936 essay, "On the concept of logical consequence." I focus on two main aims. The primary aim is to show how Tarski's definition of logical consequence satisfies two desiderata he himself sets forth for it: (1) it must declare logically correct certain formalizations of the -rule and (2) it must allow for variation of the individual domain in the test for logical consequence. My arguments provide a refutation of some interpreters of Tarski, (...) and notably John Etchemendy, who have claimed that his definition does not satisfy those desiderata. A secondary aim of the paper is to offer some basic elements for an understanding of Tarski's definition in the historical logico-philosophical context in which it was proposed. Such historical understanding provides useful insights on Tarski's informal ideas on logical consequence and their internal cohesion. (shrink)

Diseases of complex origin have a component of quantitative genetics that contributes to their susceptibility and phenotypic variability. However, after several studies, a major part of the genetic component of complex phenotypes has still not been found, a situation known as “missing heritability.” Although there have been many hypotheses put forward to explain the reasons for the missing heritability, its definitive causes remain unknown. Complex diseases are caused by multiple intermediate phenotypes involved in their pathogenesis and, very often, each one (...) of these intermediate phenotypes also has a component of quantitative inheritance. Here we propose that at least part of the missing heritability can be explained by the genetic component of intermediate phenotypes that is not detectable at the level of the main complex trait. At the same time, the identification of the genetic component of intermediate phenotypes provides an opportunity to identify part of the missing heritability of complex diseases. (shrink)

El presente trabajo discute el relato de la “normalidad filosófica”, tal como se decantó en algunas versiones posteriores a 1980, con varios elementos de la producción textual de la filosofía en Colombia, entre 1940-1950. A partir de la exposición de distintos enfoques textuales en la escritura de 1940-1950, se dará cuenta del programa o las aspiraciones que algunos escritores depositaron en la filosofía, para poner esto como trasfondo de la revista Ideas y Valores y proponer así una mirada más completa (...) a los textos de los primeros años. (shrink)

El análisis historiográfico sobre la ciudad de ‛Umar b. Ḥafṣūn, Bobastro va a permitir la caracterización de este enclave como uno de los más complejos de al-Andalus. No existe, según la documentación que poseemos, ningún otro asentamiento en época emiral que reciba un número tan elevado de aplicaciones terminológicas, indicio bastante elocuente de una realidad topográfica muy compleja. Con todo, pocos de estos calificativos tienen un perfil conceptual plenamente delimitado. Con el triunfo del Estado islámico encarnado en el Califato de (...) Córdoba, la situación del lugar de Bobastro va a cambiar radicalmente y la que fuera sede de los ḥafṣūnies se convertirá en refugio circunstancial de algunos gobernantes malagueños. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza el lema de los nazaríes (wa-la galib illà Allah) o galiba. El estudio se centra en la divulgación de este mote fuera de las fronteras del Sultanato nazarí de Granada.

Mais do que uma investigação estritamente historiográfica acerca da influência do Livro de Eclesiastes no pensamento de Kierkegaard, o presente artigo pretende sobretudo mostrar até que ponto a lição edificante do autor dinamarquês sobre a passagem evangélica relativa às aves do céu e aos lírios do campo (Mt. 6, 25-34) encontra em Quoleth uma verdadeira chave interpretativa. Mostra-se, com efeito, até que ponto o tema da culpabilidade e do arrependimento, tão recorrente na obra de Kierkegaard, encontra correspondência na crítica de (...) Qohelet à potência terrenal: nesta, por um lado, levanta-se insistente o reconhecimento de uma insuperável finitude e, por outro, faz-se a proposta de assumir com serenidade, e até mesmo com alegria, a condição deste estado. Mostra-se ainda que a exposição à queda está, de algum modo, inscrita na estrutura essencial da consciência finita, pois não se trata de uma necessidade, mas antes de uma possibilidade essencial. Contudo, à necessidade de uma resolução positiva só pode responder uma consciência que mova da confissão da própria condição essencial e da experiência recorrente das suas quedas de facto para um efectivo abandono ao exercício da fé. Mais ainda, mostra-se também até que ponto Kierkegaard fala de arrependimento como de um acto que parte da essência e que, em definitivo, constitui o exercício mesmo da fé. Ou seja, o arrependimento não é entendido relativamente a esta ou àquela culpa, como se nele se tratasse apenas de saldar uma determinada conta, ainda que a culpa corresponda sempre a um determinado mal, mas aquilo que sobretudo deve importar é o reconhecimento de que, no fundo de todo o mal, está uma condição essencial que, de facto, e sem necessidade, acaba por se traduzir na pretensão de uma identidade meramente finita, no querer ser apenas e só por si mesmo. Nesse sentido, mostra-se também que o arrependimento mais autêntico está na demissão da finitude ou no abandonar-se à excedência do Infinite que em si recolhe e dá sentido às identidades singulares finitas. Em suma, este abandonar-se, este "repouso no arrependimento", revela-se como o movimento mesmo da fé e, assim, como o repouso no horizonte de um amor infinito, daquele amor que é propriamente um encontrar-se em Deus. Daí a palavra de Kierkegaard segundo a qual a linguagem mais apropriada para falar do amor de Deus é aquela que está centrada na noção de "arrependimento". /// This article, more than an historical investigation about the influence of the Book of Ecclesiastes in the thought of S. Kierkegaard, aims at showing the extent to which the edifying lesson of the Danish thinker on the passage of the Gospel about the birds in the sky and the lilies of the field (Mt. 6, 25-34) finds in Quoleth a true interpretative key. The author of the article shows that the themes of culpability and repentance, so frequent in the work of Kierkegaard, have a correspondence in Quoleth's criticism of earthly power: on the one hand, is raised the awareness of a radical finitude, and on the other, is advanced the proposal for the need to assume with serenity, and even with joy, such condition. It is also shown that the exposition to the fall is, one way or the other, inscribed in the essential structure of finite consciousness: it is not a necessity, but precisely an essential possibility. Its positive resolution can only be achieved by a consciousness able to move from the confession of its essential condition and of the recurrent experience of the factual falls to abandonment to the exercise of faith. Therefore, repentance is not understood in relation to this or that fault, as if the problem had to do with solving a debt, but with the recognition that, at the bottom of all evil, resides an essential condition, which, without a need, consists in the will to achieve a finite identity, to be only by and for itself. This means also that the most authentic repentance consists in the letting go of finitude and in the abandonment to the Infinite that in itself recollects and gives meaning to all singular and finite identities. Above all, this abandonment, this "repose in repentance" reveals itself as the proper movement of faith and, thus, as the repose in the horizon of an infinite love, of that love that properly consists in meeting with God. Hence Kierkegaards proposition according to which the most appropriate language to speak about the love of God is the language of "repentance". (shrink)

Os eventos da consciência histórica convidam a reflectir novamente sobre o nexo que existe entre fé cristã e filosofia. O autor do presente artigo recorda-nos o debate sobre o tema fé-razão que se desenrolou na Europa na primeira metade do século XX, concretamente entre 1930 e 1935. Facto é que até mesmo filósofos de inspiração cristã reconheceram então que não faz sentido falar de "Filosofia cristã", pois nesse caso estaríamos a falar de um "círculo quadrado". Existe, pois, uma oposição entre (...) razão e fé, segundo a qual a verdade deve estar unicamente no campo da razão? Segundo o autor do artigo, os dois campos, o da razão e o da fé, são diversos e, portanto, incomparáveis: o campo da fé está, de facto, no âmbito da consciência histórica (o acontecimento de Jesus e do seu Testemunho) e o conhecimento histórico néo é nunca absoluto, ou seja, implica nas suas interpretações, de uma forma ou de outra, também alguma fé. Contudo, para lá desta distinção dos campos, o presente artigo chama a atenção para o facto de eles serem interactivos: a experiância do acontecimento cristão solicita a filosofia a reformular e a integrar a própria visão do absoluto. Como notou o próprio Karl Barth, "a nossa opinião segundo a qual Deus pode ser completamente só absoluto, em antítese a todo o ente relativo; completamente só infinito, excluindo toda a finitude; estas nossas opinióes demonstrou-se serem insustentáveis, desviantes e pagãs ". /// The present article brings up the debate over the issue of faith and reason that took place in Europe during the first half of the 20 th Century and, most especially between 1930 and 1935. Even among philosophers whose thought was shaped by the Christian faith it no longer made sense to speak of "Christian philosophy" as such, for it appeared tantamount to be speaking of a squared circle. According to author, the domains of faith and reason are not ultimately comparable. Faith, as part of historical consciousness, to wit, Jesus and His testimony as events, can never be considered absolute, for it always implies an interpretative process that produces varied forms of expression. However, beyond the issue of the two domains, the article insists on an effective interaction between both: the experience of the Christian event actively solicits philosophy to reformulate and integrate its own vision of the absolute. As Barth noted, "our idea that God can be only conceived as absolute in opposition to what is relative, completely and only infinite, excluding the finite, has been shown to be unsustainable, deviant and pagan.". (shrink)

This paper defends the claim that pragmatic encroachment—the idea that knowledge is sensitive to the practical stakes of believing—can explain a distinctive kind of epistemic injustice: the injustice that occurs when prejudice causes someone to know less than they otherwise would. This encroachment injustice, as we call it, occurs when the threat of being met with prejudice raises the stakes for someone to rely on her belief when acting, by raising the level of evidential support required for knowledge. We explain (...) this notion of encroachment injustice, connect it to the empirical literature on implicit bias, and defend it against important objections. (shrink)